马剑：成都羊马城考 …… 长城小站:《中国长城文献资料数据库》

《成都羊马城考》
作　　者：马剑
　　　　　武汉大学历史地理研究所（武汉）2006 级博士生
出　　处：文史杂志 2009年
发表时间：2009-06-00
文　　摘：

后唐明宗天成二年（927 年）底，孟知祥于成都罗城之外创筑羊马城。宋咸平四年（1001 年），雷有终奏请保存羊马城以防备寇盗的攻击。此后，或是因岁久失修而逐渐倾圮，成都羊马城便不再见诸记载。诸多学者提及此事，亦只寥寥数语，一笔带过。唯《成都城坊古迹考》（以下简称《城考》）一书中对之考证甚详，其结论中有如下数条：羊马城包围罗城西、北两面，所筑城垣达二十余里，其西扩筑到罗城外三四里之远，其北则在高骈所开之清远江（略当今府河）外，几乎抵达今沙河。后学稽核史料，认为其说仍有可商榷之处；兹不揣浅陋，略加考证，以求教于前辈学者。

正　　文：

后唐明宗天成二年（927 年）底，孟知祥于成都罗城之外创筑羊马城。宋咸平四年（1001 年），雷有终奏请保存羊马城以防备寇盗的攻击。此后，或是因岁久失修而逐渐倾圮，成都羊马城便不再见诸记载。诸多学者提及此事，亦只寥寥数语，一笔带过。唯《成都 ……

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参考文献：

[1] 四川省文史研究馆：《成都城坊古迹考》（修订版），成都时代出版社，2006 年，第54—60页。以下引用此书不再具注。
[2][宋] 司马光：《资治通鉴》卷二百二十一“唐肃宗乾元二年十月”、卷二百六十二“唐昭宗光化三年十月”，中华书局版。
[3][宋]陈规：《守城录》卷二《守城机要》，新文丰出版公司版。
[4][元]脱脱等：《宋史》卷三百八十八《李焘传》，中华书局版。
[5][宋]扈仲荣等编《成都文类》卷二十五京镗：《驷马桥记》，文渊阁四库全书本。
[6] 王文才：《成都城坊考》，巴蜀书社1986年版，第51 页。
[7][宋]欧阳修：《新五代史》卷六十四《孟知祥传》，中华书局版。
[8]《资治通鉴》卷二百七十五“后唐明宗天成元年十月”。
[9][清]吴任臣：《十国春秋》卷五十一《赵季良传》，中华书局版。
[10][清]董诰等编《全唐文》卷八百九十一李昊：《创筑羊马城记》，中华书局版。
[11]《全唐文》卷七百九十三王徽：《创筑罗城记》、卷八十九僖宗：《奖高骈筑成都罗城诏》。关于罗城长度，另有25 里、42 里之说。冯汉镛先生认为33 里之说最为可靠。参见冯汉镛：《高骈扩展的成都城墙》，《文史杂志》1998 年第6 期。
[12] 严耕望：《唐五代时期之成都》，《严耕望史学论文选集》，中华书局2006 年版，第191 页。

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斫＃撼ɶ�Ҳ沓ǿ� …… 长�Ȑ�վ:《” -- [未验证] Otis (2025-10-06 19:25:40)

BPC‑157 has become a popular topic on Reddit, especially among users looking for fast recovery from injuries and joint
pain. The discussions usually revolve around how much to take,
what form of administration works best, and the safety profile when combined with other peptides
such as TB‑500 or testosterone therapy. Below is an in-depth look at
the dosage patterns reported by Redditors, a comparison between BPC‑157 and TB‑500,
and an exploration of how testosterone therapy stacks up against natural optimisation strategies for strength,
recovery, and longevity.

---

BPC‑157 and TB‑500: The Truth About Healing Peptides

What Users Say About Dosage

Reddit threads on BPC‑157 commonly mention a starting dose of 200 to
400 micrograms per day. Many users split this into two
injections (morning and evening) for consistent serum levels, especially when dealing with chronic tendonitis
or ligament injuries. For acute cases—such as a torn muscle belly—a higher initial dose around
600 micrograms for the first week is sometimes suggested, followed by a
tapering schedule that brings the daily intake back to 200–300 micrograms.

TB‑500 (Thymosin Beta‑4) often appears in tandem
with BPC‑157. The typical TB‑500 dosage ranges from 2 mg per injection once or
twice a week. Users report that combining TB‑500
with BPC‑157 can accelerate tissue remodeling, particularly in joints and fascia.

When both peptides are used together, the community generally
advises against exceeding 800 micrograms of BPC‑157 daily,
citing potential overstimulation of angiogenesis as a risk
factor.

Administration Methods

The majority of Redditors prefer subcutaneous
injections for both peptides because it provides a steady release
into circulation. Some also experiment with oral capsules—though they claim
absorption is significantly lower. A small group uses topical gels formulated with BPC‑157, especially
for localized skin or muscle injuries, but the evidence for effectiveness remains anecdotal.

Risks and Side Effects

Reddit discussions highlight mild side effects such
as transient swelling at injection sites, slight nausea, and a feeling of fatigue during the first week of high-dose
usage. Serious adverse events are rarely reported, yet users caution that the lack
of FDA approval means there is limited data on long‑term
safety. A few threads warn about potential hormonal disruptions if BPC‑157 or TB‑500 are taken alongside anabolic steroids
without proper monitoring.

---

Testosterone Therapy vs. Natural Optimisation

Strength Gains

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) can produce rapid increases in muscle mass
and strength, especially in individuals with clinically low testosterone levels.
Reddit users who have undergone TRT report gains of 10–15 kilograms over six months when combined with heavy resistance training.
In contrast, natural optimisation—through diet, progressive overload, adequate sleep, and supplementation like creatine or whey
protein—tends to yield slower but more sustainable strength improvements, typically
around 5–7 kilograms in the same period.

Recovery Speed

TRT users often note a noticeable reduction in recovery time after
intense workouts. The hormone’s role in protein synthesis and
satellite cell activation leads to quicker muscle repair.
Natural methods rely heavily on nutritional timing; for example,
consuming a high‑protein meal within two hours post‑workout can mimic some of
the anabolic effects seen with TRT. Users also emphasize the importance
of anti‑inflammatory foods (omega‑3 fatty acids, turmeric)
and sleep quality to expedite recovery.

Longevity and Health Outcomes

Longitudinal Reddit reports suggest that long‑term
TRT may carry risks such as cardiovascular strain, polycythemia, and prostate
issues if not monitored. Users argue that natural optimisation mitigates these risks by avoiding exogenous
hormone exposure. Instead, they focus on maintaining a balanced endocrine
profile through exercise, stress management, and nutrient-dense foods rich in zinc and vitamin D.

Combining Peptides with Testosterone

Some Reddit threads discuss pairing BPC‑157 or TB‑500 with TRT to enhance tendon repair after heavy lifting or
sports injuries. Users claim that the peptides help maintain joint
integrity while testosterone boosts muscle hypertrophy.
However, caution is advised: both substances influence collagen turnover and hormone pathways, potentially leading to unforeseen side effects if not carefully dosed.

---

Practical Takeaways for Reddit‑Inspired Enthusiasts

Start Low – Begin with 200–300 micrograms of BPC‑157 daily and observe
how your body responds before increasing the dose.

Pair Wisely – Use TB‑500 at 2 mg once or twice weekly if you
need faster tissue remodeling; avoid exceeding a combined total of 800 micrograms
per day.

Monitor Hormones – If considering TRT, get baseline
testosterone levels and follow up with regular blood panels to catch any shifts early.

Prioritise Recovery – Combine peptide therapy with high‑quality protein intake, adequate sleep, and
anti‑inflammatory foods for best results.

Stay Informed – Reddit is a valuable resource but also
check peer‑reviewed literature whenever possible; the scientific community still
has much to learn about BPC‑157 and TB‑500.

By integrating these dosage guidelines with a balanced approach to
strength training, recovery protocols, and hormonal
health, users can navigate the complex landscape of peptide therapy and testosterone optimisation more safely and effectively.

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斫＃撼ɶ�Ҳ沓ǿ� …… 长�Ȑ�վ:《” -- [未验证] Wilfred (2025-10-06 16:49:49)

Anavar is one of the most popular anabolic steroids used for cutting cycles, muscle preservation during calorie deficits,
and mild bulking. The typical dosage ranges from 20 mg
to 80 mg per day depending on experience level, gender, and goals.
New users often start with 20‑30 mg daily,
while seasoned athletes may push up to 60‑80 mg for a four‑to‑six‑week cycle.
The recommended length of an Anavar cycle is usually six weeks; longer durations increase the risk of side effects such as hair loss or liver strain. Post‑cycle therapy (PCT)
is generally not required after a short, low‑dose Anavar cycle,
but if higher doses are used, a mild PCT with agents like Nolvadex or Clomid can help restore natural hormone production.

Anavar vs NPP: Which Should You Use?

When deciding between Anavar (Oxandrolone) and NPP (Nandrolone Phenylpropionate), consider the purpose of your cycle.
Anavar is ideal for cutting phases because it preserves lean muscle while encouraging fat
loss, and it has a relatively low androgenic profile that reduces
the risk of acne or hair loss. NPP is more suited to bulking cycles; it promotes significant gains in muscle mass and strength but comes with higher androgenic activity and potential for gynecomastia if not
managed properly. If you are looking for a quick, clean cut with minimal side effects, Anavar is the better choice.
For those aiming to add substantial size and strength over
a longer period, NPP may be more effective.

Anavar vs NPP Comparison Table

Feature Anavar (Oxandrolone) NPP (Nandrolone Phenylpropionate)

Primary Use Cutting / muscle preservation Bulking / strength building

Typical Dose 20‑80 mg/day 200‑400 mg per week (split into two injections)

Cycle Length 4–6 weeks 8–12 weeks

Androgenic Activity Low Moderate to high

Estrogen Conversion Minimal None (no aromatization)

Common Side Effects Mild acne, hair loss in predisposed individuals Gynecomastia risk, water retention, joint pain

Liver Toxicity Very low Low (injectable form)

Post‑Cycle Therapy Needed? Rarely Often required to restore LH/FSH

Benefits of Anavar

Lean Muscle Retention

Anavar stimulates protein synthesis while being gentle on the liver and
not converting to estrogen. This makes it a go-to steroid for
athletes who need to maintain muscle mass during calorie restriction.

Fat Loss Enhancement

Users often report increased metabolic rate, which helps burn body fat more efficiently.
When combined with a proper diet and training program, Anavar can accelerate the appearance of definition.

Low Androgenic Profile

Because Anavar has a low androgenic rating, it produces fewer androgen‑related side
effects such as acne or excessive hair growth.
This makes it safer for beginners and those who are sensitive to hormones.

Easy Administration

The oral capsule form of Anavar is convenient; no injections
or medical supervision are required, which appeals to bodybuilders who prefer a simple regimen.

Minimal Estrogenic Side Effects

Unlike many other anabolic steroids, Anavar does not aromatize
into estrogen. This eliminates the risk of gynecomastia and water retention, allowing for cleaner results.

Fast Onset of Action

Many users notice changes in strength and definition within a few
weeks of starting Anavar, making it effective for short‑term cycles or as a bridge between longer programs.

Mild Mood Effects

While some steroids can lead to mood swings or aggression, Anavar typically has minimal impact on emotional well‑being, which is
beneficial for athletes who need focus and consistency.

In summary, if your goal is to cut, preserve muscle,
and minimize side effects, Anavar’s dosage of 20‑80 mg per day over a six‑week period is optimal.
For those pursuing bulk gains, NPP offers greater hypertrophy potential but
requires longer cycles and more careful management of androgenic side effects.

Understanding these differences helps you choose the
steroid that best aligns with your training objectives and health considerations.

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斫＃撼ɶ�Ҳ沓ǿ� …… 长�Ȑ�վ:《” -- [未验证] Jonathon (2025-10-06 13:03:43)

steroid injections for muscle growth

References:

bookmarks4.men

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斫＃撼ɶ�Ҳ沓ǿ� …… 长�Ȑ�վ:《” -- [未验证] Lynne (2025-10-05 07:31:38)

pills like steroids

References:

learn.cipmikejachapter.org

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斫＃撼ɶ�Ҳ沓ǿ� …… 长�Ȑ�վ:《” -- [未验证] Georgianna (2025-10-04 11:21:53)

steroids to lose fat

References:

pad.geolab.space

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斫＃撼ɶ�Ҳ沓ǿ� …… 长�Ȑ�վ:《” -- [未验证] Laurie (2025-10-01 16:34:55)

How Long Does anavar 50mg results Stay
In Your System?

It looks like you’ve compiled a comprehensive list covering almost every aspect of mental‑health issues that can arise from
the use of substances—whether recreational drugs, prescription medications, or other psychoactive
agents. Below is a quick "menu" that ties all those items
together and points out where each one fits in the bigger picture.

---

1. The Core Problem

"Mental‑health impact caused by substance use" – this is the umbrella heading for everything that follows.

Category What it means

Affect, cognition & behavior changes Mood swings, depression,
anxiety, irritability, memory lapses, impaired judgment.

Addiction / compulsive use Loss of control, craving, tolerance, withdrawal.

Social/relationship fallout Conflicts with family/friends,
isolation, job loss.

---

2. Specific Mental‑Health Symptoms

These are the "symptoms" that can be seen in patients.

Symptom Typical presentation

Anxiety / panic attacks Rapid heartbeat, sweating, shortness of breath.

Depression / low mood Persistent sadness, loss of interest, fatigue.

Mood swings / irritability Quick shifts from anger to sadness.

Sleep disturbances Insomnia or oversleeping.

Cognitive impairment Difficulty concentrating or memory lapses.

---

3. Underlying Psychological Processes

These are the "underlying psychological processes" that
might be affecting the patient’s mental state.

Process How it manifests

Learned helplessness Patient may feel they cannot change their situation, leading to
passivity.

Cognitive distortions All-or-nothing thinking or catastrophizing
can intensify anxiety.

Low self-efficacy Feeling that one lacks control over outcomes.

---

4. Practical Steps for the Caregiver

Step Details

1. Build rapport Show empathy, active listening.

2. Encourage autonomy Let the patient make decisions about daily activities.

3. Use positive reinforcement Praise small achievements.

4. Monitor for depressive symptoms Ask about
sleep, appetite, mood changes.

---

5. Summary

The caregiver’s role is to support emotional well‑being
through empathy and autonomy.

Small daily successes and active listening can prevent feelings
of hopelessness.

Regular monitoring for depression is vital, with professional
help if needed.

Any specific concern or situation you’d like to discuss further?

---

Note: This information does not replace medical advice.
For personalized care, consult a healthcare provider.

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斫＃撼ɶ�Ҳ沓ǿ� …… 长�Ȑ�վ:《” -- [未验证] Jovita (2025-09-25 17:07:17)

CJC 1295 Side Effects: What You Need To Know

CJC 1295 Side Effects: What You Need to Know

Introduction to CJC 1295 Side Effects

CJC‑1295 is a synthetic growth hormone‑releasing peptide that has gained popularity among athletes, bodybuilders, and individuals seeking anti‑aging benefits.
Like any pharmacologic agent, it can produce side effects ranging from mild discomfort
to more serious health concerns. Understanding these potential
reactions helps users make informed decisions and manage risks effectively.

Understanding CJC 1295

CJC‑1295 works by stimulating the pituitary gland to release
growth hormone (GH) and insulin‑like growth factor‑1 (IGF‑1).
The peptide’s extended half‑life allows for less frequent dosing, which many find convenient.
However, because it directly influences hormonal pathways, its use can disrupt normal physiological balances.

Potential Benefits of CJC 1295

Before exploring side effects, it is useful to
recognize the benefits reported by users and early research:
increased muscle mass, improved fat metabolism, enhanced recovery from injury, better
sleep quality, and potential neuroprotective properties.
These advantages are balanced against the risk profile that must be considered.

Common Side Effects of CJC 1295

The most frequently observed side effects include localized injection site reactions such as redness,
swelling, or mild pain. Generalized symptoms may involve headaches, fatigue, or a feeling of fullness in the stomach.
Many users report increased thirst and occasional mild
nausea.

Less Common but Serious Side Effects

While rare, some individuals experience more significant
adverse events that warrant immediate attention. These
include persistent high blood pressure, abnormal heart rhythms, severe allergic reactions,
and ipamorelin long term side effects‑term endocrine
disturbances. Early recognition can prevent escalation.

Feeling Light‑headed or Weak

A sudden drop in blood pressure after injection may cause dizziness or light‑headedness.
If you feel faint or weak, sit or lie down immediately to
avoid injury from a fall.

Mood Swings and Irritability

Hormonal fluctuations induced by CJC‑1295 can affect
neurotransmitter systems, leading to mood swings, irritability, or increased anxiety.
Monitoring emotional well‑being is essential for early
detection of psychological side effects.

Numbness or Tingling Sensations

Some users report paresthesia—tingling or numbness—in extremities.
This may signal nerve irritation or changes in blood flow and should be evaluated if persistent.

Managing and Mitigating CJC 1295 Side Effects

Proactive strategies can reduce the likelihood of adverse reactions.
Maintaining proper injection technique, rotating sites, staying hydrated, and scheduling doses during periods of adequate sleep help minimize discomfort.
Keeping a symptom diary allows you to track patterns
and discuss them with a healthcare professional.

When to Seek Medical Advice for CJC 1295 Side Effects

If any side effect worsens or persists beyond a few days, consult a medical professional promptly.
Early intervention can prevent complications and ensure safe
use of the peptide.

Signs of Severe Allergic Reactions

Look out for swelling of lips or tongue, difficulty breathing, wheezing,
or widespread hives. These symptoms require immediate emergency
care as they may indicate anaphylaxis.

Monitoring Heart‑Related Symptoms

CJC‑1295 may influence cardiovascular function. Pay attention to chest pain, palpitations, shortness of
breath, or unusual fatigue. Persistent changes should be
evaluated by a cardiologist.

Changes in Vision to Watch For

Although uncommon, some users experience blurred vision or visual disturbances.
If you notice any change in sight after starting CJC‑1295, seek ophthalmologic assessment.

Addressing Intense Joint Pain

Joint discomfort can result from increased metabolic activity or fluid retention. If joint pain becomes severe or interferes with daily
activities, discuss it with your provider to rule
out inflammatory conditions.

Your Healthcare Provider and CJC 1295

Professional guidance is invaluable when using any peptide therapy.

A qualified healthcare provider can assess risk factors,
monitor hormone levels, and adjust dosages appropriately.

Engage with Your Healthcare Provider

Open communication about your goals, dosage schedule,
and any side effects you experience ensures that treatment remains safe and effective.

Providers may recommend periodic blood tests to track GH and
IGF‑1 levels.

Interactive Quizzes for CJC 1295 Awareness

Many clinics offer brief quizzes designed to test knowledge
of peptide therapy safety. These tools can reinforce
learning about proper usage, potential risks, and emergency signs.

Assess Your Knowledge

After reading this article, consider self‑testing your understanding of side effects, safe practices, and
when to seek help. A quick mental review helps solidify critical information.

Consultation for CJC 1295 Side Effects

If you are currently using or planning to use CJC‑1295, schedule a comprehensive consultation with an endocrinologist or peptide specialist.
Bring your symptom diary, medication list, and any relevant medical history.

Leave a Reply

Your experiences can help others navigate the complexities of peptide therapy.
Share insights about side effects, management strategies, or questions you have encountered during use.

Related Posts

Explore additional resources on growth hormone‑releasing peptides, safety protocols, and real‑world user reports to broaden your understanding of
CJC‑1295 and its place in modern therapeutic practices.

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